Garden Care Guide

Southern Catalpa Care

Catalpa bignonioides

A deciduous tree with large, heart-shaped leaves, showy white flower clusters and long, cigar-like seed pods. It is tolerant of heat and drought and adapts easily to different soil types; it is used as a shade tree, but it can make a mess around it by dropping flowers and leaves.

Hardy · -25 °C / -13 °F

Monthly care calendar

Timings are for a temperate Northern Hemisphere climate. In warmer areas tasks start earlier, in colder areas later; in the Southern Hemisphere shift them by six months.

January
  • Watering: Winter precipitation is sufficient.
  • Pruning: Not needed. The best time for pruning is the end of the month or early March.
  • Plant protection: You can control overwintering scale insects by applying dormant oil to the trunk and branches.
  • General care: Clear the cigar-like seed capsules and debris left over from the previous season.
  • Pests & diseases: Check the trunk and branches for signs of fungal disease or canker.
February
  • Watering: If there is no rainfall, water young trees once a month.
  • Pruning: While dormant, remove dry, broken, crossing and inward-growing branches so that air and light reach the inside of the crown. Light annual pruning preserves the large leaves. While dormant, remove weak and crossing branches. It tolerates heavy pruning; it recovers quickly.
  • Plant protection: Bordeaux mixture can be applied as a protective treatment after pruning.
  • General care: Clear away pruning debris.
  • Pests & diseases: Carry out a general condition check.
March
  • Watering: Water a newly planted specimen more often than established plants during its first year, as its root system is still shallow.
  • Fertilizing: Apply a balanced fertilizer or well-rotted organic fertilizer once when it wakes from dormancy. Because yield and fruit quality depend on nutrient balance, having a soil analysis done is especially useful for this plant.
  • Pruning: Pruning should be finished by the beginning of this month.
  • Plant protection: Check the newly emerging large leaves for aphids.
  • General care: Good time for planting and transplanting.
  • Pests & diseases: Monitor the fresh shoots for aphids and mealybugs.
April
  • Watering: If there is no rainfall, water every 15 days. Water newly planted plants more often than established plants during the first year; the root system is still shallow.
  • Plant protection: If symptoms spread and treatment is needed, consult a licensed plant-protection supplier or an agronomist. Plant protection products are regulated; follow local rules.
  • General care: Good time for planting and transplanting.
  • Pests & diseases: Look for aphids (green or black clusters of small insects) on fresh shoot tips. If there are only a few, you can knock them off with a strong jet of water.
May
  • Watering: If there is no rainfall, water once a week.
  • Plant protection: If symptoms spread and treatment is needed, consult a licensed plant-protection supplier or an agronomist. Plant protection products are regulated; follow local rules.
  • General care: Spread a 5-7 cm layer of mulch over the root zone; it retains soil moisture and suppresses weeds. Do not pile mulch against the trunk.
  • Pests & diseases: If you see black spots with yellow halos on the leaves (black spot), collect the diseased leaves and remove them from the garden; the disease overwinters in fallen leaves. Check the fresh shoot tips for aphids (small clusters of green or black insects). If there are few, you can knock them off with a strong spray of water.
June
  • Watering: Water deeply twice a week; prefer infrequent and generous watering over small and frequent. The root zone should be wetted to a depth of 30-40 cm.
  • Plant protection: If symptoms spread and treatment is needed, consult a licensed plant-protection supplier or an agronomist. Plant protection products are regulated; follow local rules.
  • General care: Flowering begins.
  • Pests & diseases: If you see black spots with yellow halos on the leaves (black spot), collect the diseased leaves and remove them from the garden; the disease overwinters in fallen leaves. Check the fresh shoot tips for aphids (small clusters of green or black insects). If there are few, you can knock them off with a strong spray of water.
July
  • Watering: Water deeply twice a week; prefer infrequent and generous watering over small and frequent. The root zone should be wetted to a depth of 30-40 cm.
  • Plant protection: Continue checking for spider mites.
  • General care: Flowering continues.
August
  • Watering: Water deeply twice a week; prefer infrequent and generous watering over small and frequent. The root zone should be wetted to a depth of 30-40 cm.
  • General care: Seed capsules begin to turn brown.
September
  • Watering: If there is no rainfall, water once a week.
  • Plant protection: If symptoms spread and treatment is needed, consult a licensed plant-protection supplier or an agronomist. Plant protection products are regulated; follow local rules.
  • General care: A perfect time to plant new catalpa seedlings. Warm soil and approaching rains support rooting. The seed pods remain hanging on the tree.
  • Pests & diseases: If you see black spots with yellow halos on the leaves (black spot), collect the diseased leaves and remove them from the garden; the disease overwinters in fallen leaves.
October
  • Watering: If there is no rainfall, water every 15 days. Water newly planted plants more often than established plants during the first year; the root system is still shallow.
  • General care: Good time for planting and transplanting.
  • Pests & diseases: Collecting fallen leaves prevents fungal diseases from carrying over to the next year.
November
  • Watering: Water a newly planted specimen more often than established plants during its first year, as its root system is still shallow.
  • General care: Good time for planting and transplanting. Collect fallen leaves; many disease agents and pests overwinter under them.
  • Pests & diseases: Clearing the leaves is important.
December
  • General care: The tree is in full dormancy. Seed capsules may remain on the tree over winter.

The care advice on this page is general and for information only; it is not professional advice. Plant age, soil and your garden’s microclimate can change the outcome. Plant protection products are mentioned only as general information; they are regulated, and the choice, dose and timing must be decided by a qualified professional under local rules. Consult a landscape architect or agronomist before applying.

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